Speed-governor for elastic-fluid turbines.



Nm 820,910. PATENTED MAY l5, 1965.

BOY)e SPEED GGVERNOR FOR ELASTG FLUID TURBINES.

J. G. GALLAN a F. R. C.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.12,1904.

5 SHEETS-SEEET l.

QTGLQlQ PATENTE) MAY i5, 1906.

G. @ALLAN n R (l BYDt SPEE GOVERNOR .FUR ELASTIG PLUIE TURBINES.

MPLIGMNN FILED 3.2, 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. PATENTED MAY l5, 1906.

G. GALLAN @w F. E. G. BOYD. SJEED GOVERNR FOR ELASTIG FLUID TURBINES.

APPLIGATON FILED MAB..12.1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

No., 820,910. PATENTEMAY r J. G. CALLAN @s FR R, C. BUYD.

SPEED GOVERNOR.' OR BLASG FLUID EURBQ APPLIATION FILED MAR. 12. 1904.

5 SEEETS-HBET Il.

witnesses:

PATENTBD MAY 15,'190'5.

J. G. GALLAN & F. R. C. BOYD. SPEED GOVERNOR FOR ELASTIG FLUID TURBINLS.

APPLICATION FILED MABHIZ, 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Inentova JohncLCalsanf predevilboyq 251m/ JCL-Lily.

f STATES PATENT OFFICE. JoHNeCA'LLAN ANpiFiinnRiC' iz'. C. BOYD, 0FLYNN, MASSACHUSETTS,

ASSIGNORS `To GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION von NEW YORK.

- sPEp-QovE-Fmonjo ELAsTlQ-FLUID TURBINS.

Patented May 1 5, 1996.

Appuqmt'n nea umh 12, 1904. Serial nu. 197.733,

. The present invention relates to centrifugal governors, and especiallyto those employed or high-speed Work, suc as elastic-fluid turbines, forexample. Y

Ithas for its object to provide a self-con# tained governor which. is caable of being ac curately and easily adj uste when in position on themachine and one. in which internal disre arded.

A 'rther'object of the invention is to provide a centrifugalspeed-governor and 1an emergency device or governor vwhich aresoycombined and arranged thattheyfcanX be mounted on or ltaken off oftheshaft orfrofriction is reduced to -a point where it can `be tarysupportas a unit and'which are capable,-

gs, which of acting successively.

In the accom anying. -drawin illustrate one em diment of our invention,

Figure 1 is a partial longitudinal section of a horizontal elasticfluidtubineof the jet type.r

Fig. 2 is a detailview, partially in section,

showing the arrangement of th'e 'emergono gency valve.

overnor. roken away, of the emergency-governor. Fig. 4 is a perspectiveview of the knife-edge employed or sup orting the emergency-governorweight. ig. 5 is. a cross-sectional view of the same. Fig. 6 is -asectional view showing theV emergency-valve in its closed ing the means'emp oyed` for ad'usting the,

tension on the 'trippingdevice o the emer- 1s a perspective view v `ofthe knifeedges for supporting the centrifupiston-valve' for control'sion of steam; Fig. an en l view. pf'the.

-gal weights..4

the block upon which the kni e-edge is seated. Fig. 12 is asectionalview of the rotatthe admis- -formed thereih. Mounted insuitable or bearings (not shown) vis a shaft 3, w

Fig. 3 is amend view, partial y.

. 11 is a perspective view of of the guide for the valve. Fig. 15 is aperspective view of a part of the sleeve which sursarne. Fig. 14 is a'perspective view of a part rounds the valve-stem. Fig. 16 is a perspec'-tive view'ofgthe outer end of the valv.est'e m., Fig. 17 is a'perspective view showing the' 'parts of theuniversal coupling locatedbetween the valve-stemand t '6,6 e movable abut-.- ment of thegovernor.V Figs. 18, 19, Vand 20 show means for preventing the`valveand,

other parts from turning on the valvefstem.,

Figs. 21 to 23, inclusive, are detail vie'wsshow-- ling the constructionof the knife-edge struts or members which extend between the weight l'and the movable abutment of the governon Figs. 24; and `25 areenlarged4 views showing the proper anglesfor the ends ofthe struts' 'andtheir seats. Figs. 26,27, and 2s show the nuts employed for supportingthe ends of the governor-spring. Fig. 29 1s a perspec# tive view of thekey for securing .certain of theparts in' place; vand Fig. BD is aross-secf tional view of a shaft, showing the shape of.

of the tur ine, which is provided with a'.

steam or other {luid-carrying passa e 2,

ea'rch carries a bracket-wheel 4' of any.de sired constructionfv 'Oneend ofthe casing is closed in by a removable head 5, which contains aHuid-carrying lpasxlage tha1 regisrtrelrl'sn e am cas g. e

with the passage 2 in t exitra'nce of Huid into this passage is governedby means of. a reciprocating pistonvalve 6. Steam is admitted to theturbine from the chamber 7, which in turn'is sup--v pllmietl by the pi e8. The end of the Wheel- 4 'ft is rovi ed with a screw-thread, andmounte thereon4 and engaging withthe hub of the wheel is a cylindricalsupport 9, which inc lses the coiled extension-spring 10 of the governorthat opposes the action of4 the weights. This support, in addition tocarrying one end of the spring,holds thebuclet-V wheel against ,axialmovement. It 'isimportant to employ extension as contrasted tocom'ression springs, since Wiso almost impossi le to makecompressionsprings that can be compressed evenly at levery point and ifthe compression is not even 1t ies throw one or more of thev parts o u'tof line yand cause friction and iiiibalancing.' The ierred to iiiconnection with Figs. 24, 25.

eriphery of the support is screw-threaded or a portion of its length toreceive the adjiistin -nut 11. The hub of the wheel is also threat ed torcceivethe adjusting-nul- 12. That portion of the support between theadjustin -nut 11 and` the hub 'of the wheel is turne off true to receivethe ring 13, which 'acts as a support for the weights. flanged ring ismoved axially in one direction or thevother by means of the nuts thetension on the spring can be adj usted. ring-is prevented from turnin bymeans of a key or feather 14, which wil be described in connection withFigs. 29 and 30. The

outer en'd of the cylindrical support is shoul-y dered to receive thenut 15, whichsurrounds the end of the extension-spring and acts as asupport therefor. The op osite end of the s ring is attached to a movale abutment 16, t at also acts as a nut for the spring and whichcontains seats for the knife-edges on the struts 17. By rotatin r eitheror both of l these nuts the scale of t e s ring can be externally.

tubular.A end of thewheel-shaft and is cut out to receive the ball18,that.is attached to the stem or actuator of the' piston-valve.BetweentheV end of 'the abutment and the socket in the shaft are' or maybe secured shinis to limit the inward movement. AT he ball'is retainedinplace by the pin 19, and sufficient space is le t between the ends oftheopening in the ball and the pin to permit the vinner end of the springto revolve about its own center of gravity.l Attached to the flangedring are two or more posts .20, which. sup ort the ring 21. 4rIhe rings13 and 21 an I the posts 20 .constitutea supportingj rame, which,together with the support 9,

carry all the operatin arts of the speed- -.\.sponsive device, an t eyform a unitary structure which can be assembled on or re.-

moved froin the shaft 3 simply by screwingr or unscrewinfr it. Thissimplifies the construction and t'he arts can be readily assembled onthe shp'- erich and thenapplied to the shaft. In the present instancelfour of these posts are provided. At diametricall'y opposite pointstliering is cut awa r slightly to receive the hardened-steel bloclrs 22,which receive one of the knife-edges f orined on the frame-blocks .23.'The4 frantic-blocks are best shown iii Fig. 10, wherein 244 representsthe knife-edge which engages with a seat on the block 2 2, and 25 theseat to receive the knife-edge on the strut or compression meinber 17.These edges and seats mav have the same shape, as will be hereinafterre- As the Thel ftoward or away from the shaft axis.

The frame is cut out iii the center so as to decrease the effect due tocentrifugal action as much as possible, and Aby having the knifeedge andseat on the same piece there is iio chance for them to get out ofaliiieinent. lt is to be noted that the ends of the seat 25 tcrn'i'inatein walls 31, which prevent the struts or compression members 17 frommoving laterally except by a very small amount. Since these walls arelocated at the center of movement ci' the knife-edge and only one can bein engagement therewith at a tiiiie,'the effect due to friction can bedisregarded. The frame is cut away just below the seat to give plenty ofroom for the valve-actuator. The frame is secured to the weight-arms by*screws or bolts 26. Each weiglit-arin comprises a pair of T- shapedplates which are provided with weights or masses of metal 27 at theirouter and inner ends measured in an axial plane, and as the speedincreases the weights ,on the wheel side of the knife-edgestend to moveinward and those on the opposite ends to move outward. One or liotli ofthe wei hts on the arm may be adjustably mount-e( so that the center ofthe mass can be moved In the present instance a pin for attaching theweight is located eccentrically with respect to the center of the mass.A second pin serves to hold the weight in any given position withrespect to the irst.

Mounted 1n the head 5 is a'removable sleeve 28, that is provided withone or more port-s for admitting steam to the passage 2 in thewheel-casing. provided with an elongated tubular stein extending inopposite directions therefrom. Both portions of thesteni have grooveswhich act as water-parkings t-o prevent the escape of steam. The innerend of the stem is surrounded by a detachable sleeve 29, that is at- The piston-valve 6 is 'i rio The outer end of the rod 37 isscrew-threaded,

and the ball 38 is mounted thereon and held in place by a set-screw. Theballs -r spheres -on the opposite ends'of the actuator constilleadingfrom the waste-containing com partment oi the box to asmall receptaclecontaining a body of felt or other similar material adjacent to thescrew in the ball for lubricating the bearing surfaces. The innerbearingblock makes a close lt with the box, and between it and the boxare shims 40, by means of which the position of the valve can be ad-'usted axially. The box is loosel f mounted inthe chamber formed in thefixe casing 31, and the side Walls of the chamber approach the boxsuliciently close to prevent it from rotatin tachab e cover, and mountedin the cover at a point in line with'the spindle 37 is a screwthreadedplug 41. By removing this plug thebearing for the outer end of the sindle 371,569.11 be adjusted or removed, and y removing the coverplate,ball, andcasing 31 the valve can be removed and a new one sub- Toequalize the pressures between the wheelchamber and the chamber in thecasing 3 1, to

stituted.

Vbalance the valve, and also to permit the luj'bricant to freely flow tothe spherical bearing, an o ening 42 is provided in the lethand en ofthe extension o'n the valve, which o ening communicates with the centerbore.' ormed on the casing'above the bearing 31 and its oil-chamber isan oil chamber or receiver 43, containing a body of waste or similarmaterial. Mounted within@ the receiver are tubes 44 and 45, the formerbeing employed to equalize the pressures between the receiver and thechamber below it and the latter to convey oil from one com artment tothe other. The upper end 0 the .oil-chamber is closed in by means cfaremovable screW-threaded plug 46. Owing to the fact -that theWheel-chamber normally and dust and dirt.

tageous for high-speed operates atatmospheric ressure, it is possible tosupply lubricant to t e chamber 43 when the turbine is in operation.

Itis to benoted that the governor, the valve, and the actuating partsarev entirely inclosed, so that they are rotected from inhis isparticularly important where the turbine is to be used in connectionwith headlight sets -for locomotives.

It is t'o be noted that the sprin is of the extension 'ty e,'wh ich' isespecial y advanrovernors, since they can bemad to expand and contractmore evenly than compression-sprin s, and the force exerted bythem canbe more effectively utilized. By locating the movable abutment at theinner instead 'of the outer end of the sp ri .the dimension of thegovernor in an axial., irection-is reduced to a minimum,

which -is` very important, particularly in small units.

It is also to be noted that the piston-valve actuator 37 is lnng, sothat the motion of the sphere or ballcS is negligiblefor a considerablemotion of the'sphere or ball 18 in case The casing is provided with ade.

the center of rotatiorac the abutment does not coincide with the axis ofthe shaft.- This arrangement is also advantageous, in that it-eliminates side strains or thrusts on the 'guides for the piston-valve.The pistonvalve being located between the ends of the actuator insteadof at one end, the length of I A the casing measured on an axial planeis greatly reduced and at the same time am le room is provided for-allof. the parts. isarrangement also permits the use oflong and well-packeduides for the valve.

Thus far t e'description has beendirected to the speedrespons1ve device,which is arranged to keep t e speed ofth'eturbine constant orpractically so under load changes. In case anything happens to thegovernor itis necessary to iofide means responsive to abnormal s eeconditions for stopping the turbine, an the controlof this emergencydevice should be under one or vmore centrifu al weights, which areindependent'of the wei ts which govern the movement of the controingvalve or valves, so that if anythinghappens to the latter there isnothing to prevent the emergency device from operating. In order thatthe overnors shall occupy a minimum amount o space and bejcapable of4bein adj usted and tested separately from the tur ine, it is importantto combine them in such a manner that one support is sufficient.

We will now roceed to describe aconstruction'which Willpfull theconditions specified. Between the iston-controllig valve 6 and theinlet-'cham er 7 is a Huid-carrying pas-4 sage which terminates in4 avalv e-seat. ated a short distance above the valve-seat is a spindle47,on which the einer ency-valve 48 ofthe flap type is mounted. he spindleextends otside of the valve-casing Where it is provided with a handle(not shown) for resetting. A Between the hub of the'valve and thespindle is a sufficient amount of lost motion toginsu'r'e the seating ofthe valve at all'ltimes, The idea of loosely mounting the valve is alsoadvantageous, in that it eliminates the chance for errorl inworkmanship, which might revent the valve from roperly seating.' hevalve is'normally heid o en by a latch 49, which iscontinually urgetoward it bya coil-v spring 55. The valve itself also has a tendency toclose, due to gravity and the fiat spring 51, Fig. 6. We have found thatin actual prac tice when the latch 49 is actuated by the overnor itsaction is-so quick that it isfliab e to return and catch the valvebefore it has al chance to close under the pressure `of the steam -inthe chamber 7. To obviate this ob jection, the spring 5,1 is arranged tgperform a double function: first,V to close the valve 48,

and, second, to engage. the end of the latch,

as shown in Fig. 6, the'lat'spring 50 acting as a buller. The latch 49ismounted on the spindle 52, which is supported at one end by a sleeveand at the ot 'er end in agland 53,

IOC

which contains a number of holes 54, Fig. 9, receiving the end of thecoiled sprin 55, which continually ,urges the shaft in a irection tobring the latch under the valve and hold it open. -The opposite end ofthe'spring is mounted in the spindle 52. By slnfting the end of thesprinV from one hole in the gland to another itse ect can be varied asdesired. On the end of the spindle 52 is an actuator 56, Figs. 1 and 7,which is maintained a lixeddistance from the gland 53 and the otherstationary parts of the turbine byA a sleeve or other separator 57. Itwill be noted thatI the end of the .actuator is curved slightly at tneouter end in the direction of rotation,

21., that supports the blocks 22, that carry the centrifugalgovernor-weights. .Inorder to .simplify the illustration, the'governor-V weights have been omitted inthese, res.v Mounted in openingsin the rings-21lan 13 is a two-part hardened-steel s indle 58, which isprovided with a removab e collar 59, and between the collar and ahard-steel washeris a weight-ami 60. The spindle isprevented fromturning by the set-screw 61, and by releasing the set-screw the spindlecan be withdrawn through the hole in. the ring. The/opposite end o thespindlevis formed by oris mounted in a sleeve 62, which iS,carried bythe head 63, the latter being secured in place by a screw-threaded stemthat is formed integral therewith and passes through the ring 13 and isretained in lace by a nut. Between the ring and the head, both of whichare knurled, is a copper washer which assists in preventing the partsfrom turnn' The sleeve 62 holds the collar 59 against a s oulder on thes indle 58. To the head 63 is attached one ent of the coiled spring 64,the opposite end being attached to the weight-arm. As arranged, the headand weight-'arm are capable of relative movement, and the spring op,-poses the tendency of the emergency-governor to aetuate theemergency-valve 48.

The \'veigl1tarn1 60, as bestI shown in Figl 3, is provided with weights65 and 66, and bv changing the positionof these weights with respect tothe conter of motion the speed at which t he lever trips theemergeney-valv/e can be adj usted. For example, we have found itsatisfactory to have the enlergency-governor o erate at seven per cent.increase in speed a ove normal and to reseat itself at twenty-five percent. under speed. l'n other words, after the emergency-valve is closedand the speed begins to decrease the governor-lever will as-l sume 'itsnormal position after the speed decreases twenty-five per cent. orthereabout` Preferably the coil-spring 64' is rather weak, `but is givena fairly high initial tension. The 7o spindle 58 is provided with aknife-edge 67, ,'having concave walls 68, the object of thisconstruction being to give a maximum amount of movement with aminimumweakening'oic the spindle size. The knife-edge en- 75 A gages with aseat 69 on the weight-arm, which is provided .with convex walls 70. ByeX- periment we have found that where the walls of the seat are convexthe parts tend to y maintain their position at all times and if by 8oaccident they are displaced will return immediately. If the walls of theknife-edge were straight and the walls of the seat curved, only a verylimited motion could be obtained, and for this reason the walls of theknife-edge are S5 curved on the same, or substantially the same, radiusas the walls of the seat; but the arc covered thereby in cross-sectionis some what less than the arc covered by the seat.

The weight-arm is arranged to work between 9o two stops 71 and 7 2, theformer being carried Vby the ring .21 and the latter by the weightarm.WeA have found that the sto 72 must be on the outer or active end oftiie arm to prevent the knifeiedge from being moved out of its seat. Thecenter ol' gravity of the weight-arm is between the axis of rotation andthe'kni. 3-edge and nearly in line with the `knife-edge, so as to giveaninitiallysniall moment-arm.v Diametrically opposite the rooemergency-governor and carried bythe ring 21 is a counterweight whichbalances the Weight ol" the governor.

Referring to F ig. 8, a; somewhat different arrangement of thegoverning-piston valve 6 105 is shown. 28 represents a `ported sleevewhich is 4vmounted in the headA 5 ofn the turbine-casing. Attached tothe valve is a spindle 73, which connects it with the 1nevable, abutment16 of the governor` The lno spindle or stem is divided in to two parts,and between the parts is a universal coupling 74, which will bedescribed hereinafter. The end of the spindle adjacent the weights ismounted in'a long hearing-sleeve 75, which 115 acts as a guide Iand alsoas a packing.` The outer ends of the valve and stern are guided bythewalls of an opening formed in the de -tachable 'cover 76. The outer endof this opening is closed by a screw-threaded plug. me

Referring to Figs. 12 to 20, the construction and arrangement of thevalve and stem will be described. The valve 6 is made with a piston-likehead and an extension 77, which engages with the cylindrical head 78,formed 123 on the sleeve 79, the latter surrounding the spindle 73. Theouter end of the"spindle is squaredI at 80, as shown in Fig. 16, forreceiving the washer 81 Fig. 19, which is provided with acorrespondingly-squared opening. 13o

l Ther end of the spindle is screw-threaded to and provided on its-opspace at a receive'a nut 82, and the latter is prevented ironrrotatingby the nut-lock 83. (Shown in Fig. 20.) Two of the arms are bentbackward to engage with the washer 81 and two bent forward to engagewiththe nut, and therely relative movement of the twoY is prevente Theinner end of the spindle 73 is somewhat larger than the outer en d, andbe tween the two arts is a shouldered ortion -having squaredp ceive thewasher 85, the latter being provided with a squared opening.

In Fig. 15 is shown in perspective the sleeve 86, which is slipped overthe spindle and engafres with the right-hand end of the valve. n Fig. 17is shown the construction Vof the universal, joint in the valve-stem. 87represents the slotted end of the outer portion of thespindle, 88 theslotted end of the inner portion, and 89 the connecting-piece, which isprovided with projections 90, that enter the slots in the' parts ofthevalve-stem. These projections are provided with pin-receiving openings.The object in putting this ,universal coupling between the parts of thevalvestem is to permit the inner end or abutment of the governor torotate about its own cene ter of gravity without causing undue strain onthe stem.

Referring to Figs. 21 to 25, inclusive 17 represents one of the strutsor compression members of the centrifugal speed-governor.V

It is flat on the inside and curved on the outer osite'ends withknifeedges 91, which are o special formation, as shown in Fig. 24. Theouter surface of the strut being curved conforms to the shape of thespring, while the inner surface being flat,

with a sm all groove therein, affords the nec.-A

essary clearance between it and the adjacent strut and thevalve-actuator. In order that the knife-edge may have sufficientstrength, it 'is necessary desirable to have the side walls or faces ofthe ends extend at an angle of ninety de rees to each other, with aslightly-rounded e ge. If

the entire walls or faces extended at an angle of ninety degrees, itwould necessitate making a very shallow seat in the block or support,which is objection-able. We'overcoine this objection by giving to thewalls which are somewhat remote from the knife-edge a differentinclination--for example, sixty de.- grees. In other words, by ourimroved c'nstruction we are able to save consi erable oint Where it is ofvital importance. In Fig. 25 is shown a seat which-'we have found to beadapted for a knife-edge of the character described. We find itadvantageous to make the walls of the seat with two'walls or faces whichare formedat different angles. The portion of the walls adjacentto theseat can with advantage be one .factory in our im surfaces 84, arrangeto re- 5e overcome this objection by positioned to have'` a-somewhatblunt; edge. For example, We have found it. to-be hundred and twentydegrees apart, .which will permit the necessaryangular. movement. of theknife-edge. walls form an angle of ninety degreesv with rspect to eachother, which being remote from the knife-ledge will not interfere withthe action ofthe latter. For the purpose of illustration we havementioned certain definite angles which we have found to be satisiovedconstruction; but

we do not Wish to `e understood as limiting ourselves thereto.

In Figs. 26 to 28, inclusive, is shown our improved spring-carrying nutsor heads, the' o bject of which is to reduce the internal friction dueto relative movement betweenthe nut and the spring, which has heretofore4been an objection to construction of this kind. As ordinarilyconstructed the thread of these nuts runs down to-a thin knifeed e, andwe have found by test that when t' e spring is contracted and extendedsome por- The second p grtion of the tion of a turn will pass' back andforth over the thin edge o f the thread and in so doing Will create anexcessive internal friction. cutting away one end of the screw-thread.n' other Words, we cause the thread to end abruptly instead of extendingout to a tliin knife-edge and cut aevay the surface at106 to keep it outof engagement with the spring; 15representsa nut'which is adapted toencircle a coil-spring, and 95 represents a thread formed thereon. At 96Athe thin wall between the threads'is cut away abruptly instead oftapering to a thin point, so'as to eliminate the friction between thespring and the nut as the tension on the s ring'varies.' In order toprevent the nut om turning independently of the spring, a set-screw 97is provided, which 4is so that .when seated it en ages two tunis of thespring. Figs. 27 am? 28 show nuts intended to engage with the insideofthe s ring; provi ed with a peripheral thread 98,*Which- 16 represents-a nut .which is IIC is cut away abruptly at 99 andthe body at 106, sothat the last turn or part ofa turn of the coil-spring can more towardVand 'away from the nut in an axial plane ing back and forth over a thinportion of, the' thread or. the body, and thereby creating unduefriction. Tlievright-hand end of the nut isprovided with a rece tacle100 to receive the sphere or ball on t 1e endv of the' valve,` stem,andthe opposite end is 'provided with seats 101 flr stinctedjnaccordancewith Fig. intating the nuts 'in a direction to cause them tomove in or out of the sprin will change the -scale of the spring bycha'ging ther active number of turns.

In Figs. 29 and 30 is shown a key and keyseat which we have found to bevery satmfactory for governor constructions of, this kind wherein spaceis limited and it Ais dethe knifeedges, which are cori'- the mainknife-edge.

sired to employ self-retaining kevs. -14 represcnts the key wliich luisa. cylindrical enlai'genient 1.02 on its lower side and astraiglitsidedportion 103 on its up )er side. The sliaf t or support in whicli the eyis mounted is drilled, as indicated at 104,iand is afterward slotted, asat 105. When once the key is mounted'in place, there is no danger otitsmoving radially, and it can be readily fitted, s0 as to preventlongitudinal movement.

B v vaijiing the weights on the arms 22- the posit-ion of the center ofgravity of the mass as a whole can be changed. Adding proportionalweights to the arms will cause 'the center of gravitv to be movedoutwardly. Decreasing the weights proportionally will cause it. to moveinwardly` Changing one of the weights 27 with respect. to the other willchangethe moiuent-arin of the mass about the main knifc-edge'24. -Foreiaiiiple, adding weight to the long ar'in or arms adjacent to thewheels or, what is the equivalent, decreasing the mass of the short arinincreases the moment-arm about the main knife-edge. On-tlie other hand,decreasingjthe inass on the long arm-or increasing the weight on ,theshortearin decreases the moment-arm about Changing the position of thering ;13 will change the `tension on the inain spring,` and changing theposition of spring will change the scale-pf the latter.- R.

vFrom the foregoing itwill be seen that- 'any desired relation of theparts can be obtained with a very simple adjustment, and this with outremoving the governor from t he machine. It is of the utmost importancein high-speed work to have governors whiehare capable of adjustment inthe manner speciiied. l-Vith low-speed governors this ,is notsoessential, and the 'ordinary governor, arranged for a low-speed machine,will not operate in a: suecessl'ul manner when usedior a -liigli-speedmachine. In other words, the fhtw-speed governor is not.inteizcliangeablc-witli the liigli-speedgovernor, and the requirdnieiitsof the latter 'are far more severe than those oi' the former. l Y l.

.B v arranging the knife-edges, spring, and other parts in the mannerspecified the iiiternal friction is Vreduced to such a siniill amountthat. it can bc disregarded.- ln other words, a curve illustrating theact-ion of tlie governor will show that it assumes the saine positionfpr a given speed iindei' conditions of iiiereasiiw or deci'ei'isingspeed-that is to h n n n l say, the .lag is eliminated.

'llie governor inav be mounted direi-ih' on h the Shaft to be governedor iipon a shaft which derives its movement from said shaft.

ln accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes we havedescribed the principle of operation of oui' invention, togetherwiththeapparatus which we now consider to represent the besteiiibodinieni. thereof;

lfor adjusting the teii'sioiiiiifth q but we desire to have itunderstood that the apparatus is only illustrative and that theinvention can be carried out'by other means.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent-'of theUnited States, 7o isv Ai. In asliaft-governor, the coinbination'of icentrihigally-actiiig weight-s, a spring opposing the Weights, anabutment movable in response to the resultantv forces-due to the" 75combined action of the weights andspring, al

means for varyin the inoinen'tj-'arr'ns-of the weights, a means orchanging the tension on` the spring, and a means for'changingthe s 'aleof the spring. 5'

2. In a shafbgovernoi, the combination of` centrifugally-acting weights,knife-edges for E supporting the weights, a tenscnspring opj posing theweights, a movable abutment to which one end 'of the spriiig'isattaclied`,a VI'iut 85 j secured to the spring, which acts 'asafi'iinclior"-vv p and as an adjusting nie'aiisvlfor'chanvin itsl scale,alid'aiifaetnator which i'endsprom the abutment-tlirouglitliespring `naion-oi o ii'eiglit'i-'iiriii knife y f viii "1g the fe-isb am?, 'ea...,for changing tlie'.n ioiiieiit-arni'f tli e'ig'li'tsfing the weight,a-novable abut'iiieiit,a

for adjusting the` j pression jineinbersor struts through the sprin'iyand engage arins'.:l f f- 4l 1n a shaft-governor,-tlie combinati no atubular support \i'l,i' i\eli...is mounted-on a 'A shaft a ri ng inountcdion .t he supporti-,means for adjusting the ring iii-ciall-"t-lippt', centrifugally-aet-ing weigli't`arins arriedby x65 thesupport, atension-spring located '.)yithiri the support', 'imnovahleabut-nient'enga-ging- .y; tliespi-ing,'aiid ei'iinpressioniiieinberso'rstruts which engage the weiglit-aiins:and the abut nient.4' 'iro v 5. In a shaft-governor, the combination of a shaft, a su)portwliich is mounted there`oii,..zi a ring wliicli 'surroiuids thesupport and. is carried thereby, 'a tension-spring located within thesupport, a nut for supporting one i i 5 end of the spring and changingiS. C-ale, which is mounted on the-support, a inovable abutment whichalso forms a nut towliicli the opposite end of the spring is attaclied,lseats formed in the abutment, weight-arms 12o carried by the supports,and compression members which engage the seats and the i 'o eight-zinns.l

(i. ln ii shaft-governor, the combination oi' a support; weight-armscarried thereby, a x25 spring opposing the weights, means forti'aiismitling motion from the weights to the spring, which :zi-eprovided with knife-edges, trames oi" blocks which are detacliablysecured to the arms and are? provided, with [30 i 3.o by, and a devicefor action of the weights, in combination with a the plates each ofWhichiis `provided with a' knife-ed e at its' outer end and a seat atitsl Ainneren measured from the axis of the sup- Io port, atension-spring which is anchored to the support at one end a movableabutment for the opposite end of the spring, and compression memberswhich engage the abutment and enter the seats ou the inner ends of,

r the frames or blocks.

8. In a shaft-governor the combination of a threaded shaft, athreadedsup ort mounted thereon, a wheel-hub situated a jacent to thesupport, which is provided with an external screw-thread, a Whichsurrounds the support, an adj usting-nut mounted on the screwthreadedhub for engagement with the ring,- a second adjusting-nutm'ounted on thesupport, which also engages the ring, weight-- carrying arms carrie bythe ring, and a tension-spring located within -the support for opposingthe movementsof the arms.

9. In combination, a rotating support, centrifugally-acting weight-armscarried thereoading or opposing the valve, and an'actuator which'passestbrou h the valve and at one end is acted upon by t e resultant forcevdue to the Weights and said device and at the other end is attached tothe valve-stem.

10. A governing mechanism comprisin a rotating support,centrifugally-acting Weig tarms carrie thereby, and a movable abut- 40ment which opposes the action of the weights, in combination with avalve, a hollow stem therefor which acts as a guide, and an actuator'which extends through the valve and stem and is acted upon by theabutment at one and and is attached to the valve-stern at the other.-

Y l. 11. A governing mechanism comprising a rotatingsuport,centriugally-actingwei htarms carried) thereby, and a movable autment which opposes the action of the weights, in combination with avalve, a hollow stem therefor which acts as a guide, an actuatorwhichextendsthrough the valve and stem and is actedupon by the abutmentat one end, and-'a'means for uniting the valve-stem and the actuator,which containsaxbearing for theAlatter.

' 12.- A governing mechanism comprising 'a rotating support,centrifugally acting 6 weights, and a movable abutment for opposing theweights, in combination with a valve having a hollow stem, an actuatorfor the valve connected to the abutment, which extends through thevalve, a head which is at.

tached to the stem and the actuator, a bear-- ing for the actuator,carried bythe head and a chamber containingl'ubricant for the earing,Which is formed in the head.'

13. A governing mechanism comprising a rotary support,centrifugally-acting weights, 7o -and a movable' abutment for op osiugthe weights, in combination with a va ve having a hollow stem, anactuator for the valve con j a hollow stem, an' actuator for the valve-85 which rotates with the wei hts and is move flongitudinally by theresu tant force of the Weights and opposing abutment, a head which isattached to the valve-stem', in which the actuator is free to rotate andwhich4 9 9r moves longitudinally with the actuator, and Y' means forpreventing the head from rotating;

15. A governing'mechanism comprising a rotary support,centrifugally-acting weights, and a spring-pressed abutment for opposingthe weights, a piston-valve, a hollow stern. therefor, a head attachedto the outer end of the stem, an actuator which extends through thespring and valves and enters the head, and universal bearings for theends of the ac- 19 tuator, which permit the spring-pressed abut ment torotate about its own center of rota-- tion without straining the valve.

16. Ina governing mechanism, the combi-- nation of a support, weightscarried thereby, m5..

a spring-pressed abutment which opposes their action, a valve, and anactuating device which is attached to the valve and the abutment andincludes universal joints at the pointsot attachment therewith. 1.1.0A

174I Agoverning mechanism comprising a rotary support,centriugallyfacting Weights, and a movable abutment or opposing the'weights, in combination with a reciprocating j valve, a rotary actuatortherefor, a head for;` IE5 connecting the valve and actuator, and acasing whichincloses the head and has acham'- ber for supplyinglubricant to the head;

1'8. A governing -mechaism comprising a rotary si'lpport, centrifuga-acting welghts, and a movable abutment or lopposing the vf'eights, incombination with areciprccating valve, a rotary actuator therefor, -ahead for connectin the valve and actuator, acasing1 which inc osesthe-head and has a cliamber'i for supplying lubricant tothe head,opening between the chamber and the interior of the casing for'equaliaing thepressures.`

19. A governing mechanism comprising a rotary support,centrifuga1ly-act1ngwe1ghts, 130

and a movable abutment for opposing the Weights which constitutes themain governor, vin combination with an emergency-governor mounted on therotary support and acting independently of the niai'n governor, and avalve which is tripped by the emergencygovernor.

20. A governing mechanism comprising a rotarysupport,centrifugally-aeting weights, and a movable abutment foropposing the weights, in combination with an emergencygovernor mountedon the same support with the speed-governor, a counterbalance for thecmergencyfovcrnor, a. valve, a latch which normally holds the valveopen,and a spring which closes the valve when rcleasedby the latch. i

21. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a support, a weight-armcarried thereby, an emergency-valve, a latch normally holding 'the valveopen, which is tripped by the weight-arm, and a spring which engagesthelatch after being struck by the weight-arm and prevents the latchfrom holding the valve open.

22. -ln a governing mechanism, the combination of a support, .aweight-arm, a spindle for the arm, which is carried by the support, aknife-edge between' the arm and spindle, and a stop on theactive end ofthe arm, which limits the movement` thereof and holds the *knife-edge inits seat.

23. In a governing mechanism, the' combination of a support, aweight-arm, a spindlel therefor, a knife-edge between the spindle andarm formed with concave side walls, and a` sect for the knife-edge,provided with conf Vex side walls.

24. In a governing mechanism, the combination'of a support, a weight-armcarried thereby, a seat formed thereon, a spindle for the arm, a collaron the spindle for. limiting the movement of the arm on the spindle, aknife-odgr on the spindle, .which engages the scat, :and a spring foropposing the movements of the arm.

25. -In a governing mechanism, the combination. of a support, aweight-arm carried thereby, a two-part spindle about which the arm ismovable, a spring which connects the parts of the spindle, and aknife-edge between the s )indie and arm, which is surrounded by tlhearm.

26. In a governing mechanism, the combiL nation of a support, aweight-arm carried thereby, a spindle for the arm, having a knifeedgewith concave walls, -and a seat for the knife-edge, formed on the armand provided with convex walls.

27. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a support, a pair ofrings' carried thereby, a two-part spindle, one part being carried b onering and the other part by the second ring, and a weight-arm mounted onthe spindle.

28. In a governor, the combination of a support, a ccnt'rifugally-actmgweight, and a means opposing the weight, which includes a member havinga double-tapered knife-edge. i

29. In a governor, the combination of asupport, a centrifugally-actingweight, and a means opposing the weight, which includes a knife-edge,the walls of whichhave a double bevel, and a seat for the knife-edge,thecwalls of which are also formed with a doublebevel.

'30. In'a governor, 'the combination-of: a

support, a centrifugally-acting weight,. a`

spring for opposing the weight, and an an-l c hor for the spring, whichis screwthreaded to receive the turns thereof, the end of the .threadbeing cutaway abruptly to prevent frictional engagement with theA springas the latter extcndsandcontracts. f 'i 31. In a governor, thecombination.- ofa support, a centrifugally-acting weight` a spring foropposing the v veight,l and anchors.

for opposite endsof the springs, one located inside of thei'springandthe other outside,.-

each anchor being screwthreaded to receive the end ofthe spring, withthe end of the` thread on the'side adjacentl to the center off; fthe'spring cut-'away abruptly to give freedom of movement'ltothetu'rns'of thespring'ibetwecnthe anchors'.r I

, 32. In agovernor,`

thimmbination of a support, an arm carrying aeentrifugally-,act-

ing weight, a knife-cdge'for the'weight, a ieee containing a seat whichisfislightly enger than 'the knifefedge, and means formed f or keycomprising va cy indrical body portion which is located in one voftheparts, andra' projection-formedgthereon which is smaller incross-section than the body portion Vand enters the other part.

34. In a governor, thecombination of a rotating cle1nent,a valvearranged in line with rio the axis thereof, a s eed-responsive device4connectcd'with the e ement and located `be tween it and the valve, and aconnection for' moving the valve which extends from the S eed-responsivedevice to a point located on tlie side of the valve 'oppositeA to thatofthe said device.

35. In a governor, the combination of a rotating element, a valvearranged in line with the axis thereof, a s eed-responsive deviceconnected with the e ement and located .between it and the valve, aconnection for moving the valve whicliextends from the speedresponsivedevice to apoint located on the side of the yaive opposite to that ofthe said device, and a universal joint between `the said connection andthe valve.

36. In a governor, the combination of 4a ro,-

sf-wcm.

.tating element, a valve arranged in line with the axis thereof, aspeed-responsive device connected with the element and located betweenit and the valve, and a connecting means between the valve and thespeed-rev sponsive device which rotates with the latter pointof'connection with the valve.

$7. In a governing mechanism for elasticiiuld turblnes, the combinationof a gravityand includes a universal and slip joint at the .closingAemergency-valve, an inclosure therefor, means located within theinclosure for holding 'thevalve in raised or open position, and acentriugally-actin emergency device arranged to release sai means whenthe speed becomes excessive. f

8. In a governor, the combination of a rotaing element, independentcentriugallyacting speed-res `onsive devices, a common support' carriedy the said element for supporting the speed-responsive devices, and

regulatinand shut-oil valves arranged to be operated y thespeed-responsive devices.

39'. kIn a governor, the combination of a rotating element, independentcentriugallyacting speed-.responsive devices, a common support therefor,and a yconnection between iwhich the the rotati element and the supportby nlirtter can be removed with the speed-responsive devices intact.

40. In a governor, the combination of ya rotati element, a structureremovably secure' thereto, a speed-responsive device for actuating aregulator, and a second speed-responsive device for actuating a shut-offmechanism, both of said speed-responsive devices being carried by @thesaid structure andrelmovable therewith.

41. In a overnor, 'the combination of a shaft, a ho ow cylindricalsupport secured 'gally-acting weights carried on the shaft to rotatetherewith, a spring disposed within the support and iiXedly attached atits outer end thereto, a frame arranged around the support,centrifugally acting Weights on the support, a connection between theweights and the inner or movable end oi the spring, and means foradjusting the frame axially of the support for varying the tension ofthe spring.

42. In Xa governor, the combination of a shaft, a hollow support on theshaft which rotates therevi/ith,4 a vspring arranged in the support,,and attached at one end thereto, a ring arranged adjacent the support,centrifugally-acting weights'on the ring, a connection or transmittingmotion from thel Weights to the Spring, and means for adjusting the ringl necting the weights with the movable abutment, and means for securingthe frame to and-moving itl along the support `for adjustin the tensionof the spring.

n witness whereot1 we have hereunto set our hands this 5th day of March,1904.

JOHN G. CALLAN. FREDERIC R. C. BOYD. Witnesses: p

DUGALD MoK. MoKrLLoP, WILLrAM'G. FISHER.

